To browse Academia. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Andrew Johnson. A short summary of this paper. Johnson, Ph.
Minnesota State University, Mankato andrew. This chapter starts with an overview of academic writing. It ends with a description of the super-secret process used for academic writing. Big Picture Academic writing is different in form and function than creative writing. Like technical writing and most forms of writing used in professional settings, its basic purpose is to present information. Academic writing is used to write academic reports, inquiries, and essays in academic settings.
A variation of this form is also valued in most business and professional settings. Creative writing is used to tell a story or to evoke an emotional or aesthetic response. Its purpose is to entertain or inspire. Here the writer is able to inject his or her insights and emotion all over the page and to use words and language like colors on a pallet to paint a picture.
Academic writing is more formal, uses structure to carry ideas, seldom contains dialogue, and is purposefully objective.
Good academic writers take themselves out of the paper to the greatest extent possible and let the ideas and data carry their paper. Note the differences below. Not academic writing. The gym was packed with wild and crazy students all shouting their lungs out, cheering on their beloved basketball team. The team seemed to absorb their energy and was playing grit and determination, giving everything they had to beat the visiting foe from Shelbyville.
Academic writing. The home basketball team played Shelbyville in front of a large crowd of enthusiastic fans. Academic Writing - 2 Types of Writing There are three basic types of writing used in most academic and professional settings. Each of these will be described in more detail in the upcoming chapters. The purpose of this type of writing is to explain, describe, or to provide information in order to communicate knowledge.
The purpose of this type of writing is to make a case for or against an issue using concise, objective language and sound reasoning. Inquiry is the process of asking a question, gathering data, and then using that data to answer the question. Data can be gathered using primary sources through direct observation, survey, interviews or other means; or data can be collected using secondary sources such peer-reviewed research, scholarly articles and books.
The purpose of this type of writing is to describe all phases of the inquiry process. The Super-Secret Writing Process for Academic Writing Academic writing is not an event that occurs in one setting but a process that occurs over time. And this process is necessarily messy. All writers think, plan, struggle, revise, re-write, and mess about in order to discover exactly what it they want to say and how they want to say it.
This is all part of the process see Figure 1. Each step of this process is revealed below. Figure 1. An overview of the super-secret writing process. Research to gather data. Usually this means reading and taking careful notes. However, data can also be collected other ways.
As the name implies, this is what is done before writing. This involves things such as planning, creating outlines, generating ideas, or finding structure. This is the first attempt to get ideas on the page. This is the heart of the writing process. Because there is data available only on the effects of camels on Scope kangaroos and koala bears, these are the only animals that will be discussed. In academic essays a paragraph should Topic sentence Adults should read to infants.
Smith and Brown introduce one main idea explain that this helps them to read at a and provide supporting later stage because it helps them to see the evidence that elaborates association between words on the page and the main idea.
This Supporting language. This will occur as with a map of what is melting ice caps increase water levels around the globe. Low-lying countries will be the most coming next in the essay. As human beginning topic sentence , evidence habitats will be affected, so too will be the a middle evidence , and if habitats for plants and animals.
An essay that flows well is easier to read. Encourage your student to use linking words and sentences to link their paragraphs. Good linking words To begin To conclude In addition In the same way The following essay illustrates the different sections of an academic In this case essay. All the rest of your information will be used to make this This is the information that gives argument.
In a word essay a the reader some orientation and thesis will be focused on one or background to the question and two specific things. Doing this will the essay topic. It is very general help to guide your essay and keep information. In a word essay your argument succinct and within sentences is sufficient. However Jones p, 12 states that people are eating less fruit because it is becoming more expensive. Firstly, the paper will identify key terms in the literature around food prices.
Secondly, the paper will focus on fruit, an d examine its role in healthy diets and evaluate recent consumption of fruit. Finally I will use my personal reflection of the current situation in my home town to explore a possible response. In a word essay you might use main pieces of evidence. Doolan highlights that fresh food, in particular fruit, has been the most affected. Because there is less food grown, Australia is forced to purchase food grown overseas which is more expensive and therefore raises the price of food that we see on the shelves.
Notice how it also is linked to the end of the previous paragraph. Current fresh fruit consumption tren ds suggest that this perishable price hike is having a negative impact on health.
One report, based on interviews with people, states that on average people are eating half as much fruit as they were 5 years ago Mike, In addition, in another study Jones, it was reported that shops are selling half as much fruit as they were 5 years ago.
These two reports clearly demonstrate that people are eating much less fruit than they were five years ago before the perishable price hike started. Health experts Dan , and Bee indicate that this drop in consumption of fruit will have negative impacts on the community.
They claim that fruit is a great way to access essential vitamins and minerals Dan, and that if people are not getting these vitamins and minerals then the health impacts could be devastating.
Bee states that in the last five years more people have become severely debilitated by even the common cold because of a lack of vitamin C in their diet. She goes on to say that the food people are buying, like flour and sugar, does not have the vitamin C that people need to stay healthy. Paragraph that examines the role of fruit in the diet and evaluate what is being said in the literature about the current consumption habits of fruit — just as it said it would in the introduction.
But the health experts suggest that this will not be a solution. Bee says people need a regular reliable source of food, and that we cannot rely on imported fruit and vegetables to provide perishable goods. If the source of food is the problem, then I would like to discuss my experience of growing up in regional NSW as a possible solution.
Here the writer is using a personal Notice how this paragraph reflection. The writer firstly evaluates the literature and also describes in and then analyses their leads the discussion into the next reflection relation to the topic and paragraph and topic in the essay.
In my home town there were many fruit trees planted in the parks and along the streets. They were was planted during WWII as people feared there would be food shortages as a result of the War.
There are many different types of fruits - oranges, lemons, cherries, apples and pears. There is enough of a variety of fruits that there is always something in season. Our family will often walk down to the park to get our fruit, especially since fruit in the shops is so expensive. This is a very good skill and needed when using personal reflections. I also think it is nice in my town, that when you harvest fruit from a tree, you get the chance to talk to someone.
Smith says that talking to people in your community has positive health benefits because people feel a sense of community. So I think that the fruit trees in our town are not just good for our diets, but for community health as well. The conclusion! Notice how it summarises the discussion and reaffirms the thesis.
It answers what the introduction says it will do. The evidence suggests that as a result of this people are not eating as much fruit as they were five years ago. This change in how much fruit people are eating is having a negative impact on health as people are now being severely affected by things like the common cold.
I have suggested that planting fruit trees in parks and along the streets will change the source of food and give people a greater access to fruit and help reverse the negative health impacts we are seeing as a result of the perishable price hike. In American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 10 7 , Dan, J. Impact of diet on health.
In Dietetics Australia, 34 5 , Doolan, C. The economics of Australia Farming. London, Sydney, New York: Routledge. Jones, P. Food Security in Australia. The Market Gardeners Monthly, 32 6 , Leah, M. The agricultural sector on the move. Horticulture Australia, 78 4 , Manhood, J. Economics in Action. Sydney, Perth: Silverdale Publishing. Mike, W. Where to from here for our fruit producers? Fresh Produce Journal, 12 3 Murray, L.
Australians on the brink. Economics Today, 12 1 Smith, G. Now, as you conduct research, the best place to start would always be the school library. After all, libraries do not just consist of books anymore. These days, libraries are more up-to-date with technological advancements that allow you to easily navigate through all the books and possibly other references that you might find useful and helpful.
If you do not know where to begin, you can always consult the librarian for more details and information. He or she will be glad to help students out. Have you ever been tasked to write the minutes of the meeting before? If you have, then you are probably familiar with the format.
Choose appropriate sources. Wikipedia is a big no-no in research. For starters, it is editable by anyone and everyone. Only fools and stupid people would actually consider Wikipedia a reference. A suggestion would be to look at the references list since it lists down the sources that the editors of the page got it from. You may also check out short essay examples. Use those sources instead to get more details and information regarding the subject matter at hand.
Another advice would be to look for sources that are reputable, well-sourced, and up-to-date. Because the thing with outdated sources is that they may not be considered valid or ideally reliable anymore in the 21st century. Ideally, most of your sources should have been published within the last 5—10 years. You may also see what are the parts of an essay. You may also try to refer to scholarly books and peer-reviewed articles from academic journals that are usually acceptable sources, including newspaper articles and magazine articles.
There are days that you will be tasked to write a letter of application or any professional letter of the sort. It is important that you learn how to. Read your sources critically. A guide to Thesis Research Even if you have the right source, try not to get too complacent. Because at the end of the day, that may not be the source that can provide you with answers.
It always boils down to what kind of content you are exactly looking for. Read your sources thoroughly enough that you are able to extract from it. You may also like concept essay examples. Here are some of the questions that you ought to be asking to help better understand your sources on how you should analyze your sources.
There are different kinds of writing examples that you may be asked to write. Where is the author getting their information? Do they provide credible sources? Does the author provide convincing evidence to back up their arguments?
Does the author have any obvious biases or agendas that affect the way they present or interpret their information?
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